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| Frank, Th., Czeche, K., Bitsch, R., Stein, G. Assessment of Thiamin Status in Chronic Renal Failure Patients, Transplant Recipients and Hemodialysis Patients Receiving a Multivitamin Supplementation |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
| Funada, U., Wada, M., Kawata, T., Mori, K., Tamai,
H., Kawanishi, T., Kunou, A., Tanaka, N., Tadokoro, T., Maekawa, A. Changes in CD4+CD8/CD4-CD8+ Ratio and Humoral Immune Functions in Vitamin B12ÐDeficient Rats |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
| Kianfar, H., Kimiagar, M., Ghaffarpour M. Effect of Daily and Intermittent Iron Supplementation on Iron Status of High School Girls |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
| Hori, T., Matsumoto, K., Ikeda, M., Moriyama-Ebina,
R., Sakaitani-Kado, Y., Morotomi, M. Comparison of the Water-Holding Capacity of Wheat Bran Products Prepared by Wet and Dry Smashing Methods in vitro and Effect on the Gastrointestinal Retention Time in Rats in vivo |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
| L—pez-Varela, S., Montero, A., Kumar Chandra, R., Marcos
A. Nutritional Status of Young Female Elite Gymnasts |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
| Vissia, G.H.P., Beynen, A. The Lowering Effect of Dietary Glucose Versus Starch on Fat Digestibility in Rats is Dependent on the Type of Fat in the Diet |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
Zusammenfassungen / Summaries
Summary
The thiamin status of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF, n = 14), dialysis patients (DP, n = 24) and patients after renal transplantation (RT, n = 19) was assessed. Thiamin intake was calculated at mean levels of 1.26 mg/d (CRF), 0.83 mg/d (DP) and 1.42 mg/d (RT). Corresponding mean plasma concentrations were 64.2 nmol/l (CRF), 78.3 nmol/l (DP) and 55.1 nmol/l (RT). Thiamin supplements of 1.5 mg or 8.0 mg orally given to patients of the DP-group after each dialysis session showed slightly higher thiamin concentrations in plasma. Transketolase activity coefficients (ETK-AC) were in the same range (1.11É1.19) except for RT-patients who had a slightly but not significantly higher ETK-AC of 1.22. During dialysis treatment (DT), thiamin plasma concentrations dropped to 75 and/or 82% in patients supplemented with 1.5 and/or 8.0 mg. They both reached initial levels again 44 hours later. Despite large inter-individual differences, thiamin concentrations increased in the non-supplemented DP-group. ETK-AC did not change after a 14-day interruption of supplementation and did not deteriorate after a single dialysis session, both in supplemented and non-supplemented patients. A daily thiamin supplementation which complies with the RDA for healthy subjects is indicated in DP and is sufficient to keep thiamin status within the normal range.
Key words
Thiamin, renal failure, dialysis, transketolase, vitamin supplementation
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 70, 2000, Heft 4, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern
Summary
To clarify the role of vitamin B12 in the function of cell-mediated and humoral immune functions, the splenocytes expression of CD4, CD8 and serum C3, IgM, IgG concentrations were examined in vitamin B12-deficient rats, and the effect of the administration of methylcobalamin was also studied. The CD4+CD8Ð/CD4ÐCD8+ ratio in splenocytes was significantly higher in vitamin B12-deficient rats than in control rats (p < 0.05). The value in the 48 hours after methylcobalamin administration group, was within the normal range (p < 0.05). From these results, the elevation of the CD4+CD8Ð/CD4ÐCD8+ ratio by vitamin B12-deficiency was confirmed in rats. The serum C3, IgM and IgG concentrations were lower in the vitamin B12-deficient group than in the control group. These findings suggest that vitamin B12 plays a role in maintaining the immune function in rats.
Key words
CD4, CD8, serum C3, serum IgG, serum IgM, vitamin B12-deficiency
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 70, 2000, Heft 4, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern
Summary
This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of daily versus intermittent iron supplementation on iron status of high school girls in Zahedan and Rasht cities in 1996Ð1997. The subjects were selected randomly from among students of grades 1Ð3 of four high schools in each city. Anemia was determined by measuring hematological indices. 260 anemic and a similar number of non-anemic subjects of 4 high schools were selected and allocated randomly to 4 treatment groups. During a 3-month period, the test groups were given 150 mg ferrous sulfate tablets (50 mg Fe). Subjects in group 1 received a daily dose, groups 2 & 3 received twice or once weekly doses respectively. The control group received no iron supplement. For these subjects, in addition to hematological indices biochemical iron indices were measured in the beginning and at the end of the study. The increases in hemoglobin concentration in anemic subjects were not significantly different among supplemented groups but were different from the control group (p < 0.00001). Among anemic subjects, changes in serum ferritin levels in 3 supplemented groups were significantly different from the control group. Serum ferritin in Group 1 was also increased to a greater extent than groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.00001). It is concluded that over the study period a weekly iron dose was as effective as a daily dose in treating anemia but the daily dose was more effective in improving iron stores than a weekly dose in the short run.
Key words
Iron deficiency anemia, iron status, iron supplementation, adolescent girls
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 70, 2000, Heft 4, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern
Summary
Microfibril wheat bran (MFW) prepared by wet smashing of wheat bran using a colloidal mill has the advantages of being more palatable than other wheat bran and easier to apply to various foods. In this study, we investigated water-holding capacity (WHC) and physiological effects of a novel food material, MFW, focusing on shortening of the retention time of the gastrointestinal contents compared to those of dry smashing of wheat bran (DWB) prepared by conventional method, and wheat bran (WB), which is the raw materials. The mean particle size of MFW was 35mm, and WHC was 5.1 g/g. In contrast, those of DWB were 61 mm and 3.0 g/g, respectively. Those of WB were 420 mm and 5.0 g/g, respectively. The WHC of MFW was 1.7 times greater than that of DWB and comparable to that of WB. The dietary fiber content in MFW, DWB, and WB were 73.5, 66.9 and 70.2%, respectively. Six-week-old Fisher rats were divided into three groups, and fed for 20 days with AIN-76 chow supplemented with MFW, DWB, or WB to a dietary fiber content of 10%. On days 14Ð16 of the experimental period, the mean retention time (MRT) of gastrointestinal content and fecal weight were measured using solid phase and liquid phase markers. On day 20 of the experimental period, animals were killed, and the water content, pH, composition of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal content and total amounts of SCFAs in the cecum were investigated. MRT in the MFW group was 15.2 ± 0.8 h in the solid phase, which was significantly shorter than that in the DWB group (18.0 ± 0.9 h) (p < 0.05), and comparable to that in the WB (15.5 ± 2.4 h). MRT in the liquid phase was almost the same as that in the solid phase: 14.7 ± 1.0, 18.4 ± 0.8, and 16.0 ± 2.5 h in the MFW, DWB, and WB groups, respectively. The fecal weight, pH, the concentration of SCFA in the cecal content and total amounts of SCFAs in the cecum did not differ among the groups, but the cecal water content was in the order of MFW > WB > DWB, showing a significant difference between each group (p < 0.05). The above finding suggested that MFW is a novel food material with a greater WHC and the ability of shortening the retention time of the gastrointestinal contents compared to DWB.
Key words
Microfibril wheat bran, water-holding capacity, particle size, mean retention time of gastrointestinal contents, rats
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 70, 2000, Heft 4, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern
Summary
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of a group of 10 young female elite gymnasts aged 13Ð17 years, who do a physical exercise of 48 h/wk. Assessment included dietary intake for 7 days, body mass index, ideal body weight, and skinfold thickness. In addition, the number of total leukocytes, total lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD56 were counted. The results were compared with a control group consisting of 50 volunteer students doing less than 12 h/wk of physical exercise, who were matched by sex, age, and sociocultural level. The total weekly calorie intake was lower in gymnasts than in controls; gymnasts showed a higher calorie intake from dietary protein together with a lower calorie intake from lipid and carbohydrate sources in comparison with controls. All the anthropometric parameters, except height which was not different in the two groups, were lower in gymnasts than in controls. The lymphocyte and leukocyte counts were also lower in gymnasts in relation to controls, except CD19 and CD56 subsets which were similar in both groups. It is suggested that gymnasts are at risk of malnutrition, which when compounded with intense physical exercise could lead to immunosuppression in these athletes.
Key words
Nutritional status, anthropometry, dietary intake, lymphocyte subsets, gymnasts
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 70, 2000, Heft 4, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern
Summary
The aim of the study was to determine whether the type of dietary fat influences the effect of dietary glucose on lipid digestibility. Earlier work had shown that glucose, when compared with starch, reduced fat digestibility in rats fed rations containing animal fat as fat source. Male rats (n = 6/group) were fed for two weeks on purified diets containing either 62% (w/w) starch or glucose and either 8% (w/w) palm oil, coconut fat, soybean oil or medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) as the main source of fat. The diets had no differential effect on growth. Glucose significantly depressed apparent lipid digestibility in rats fed the diets containing either palm oil or coconut fat, but not in rats given the diets containing either soybean oil or MCT. Thus, the inhibitory effect of glucose on lipid digestibility in rats is dependent on the dietary lipid source. This observation may contribute to understanding the mechanism by which dietary glucose inhibits fat digestion.
Key words
Glucose, starch, fat, digestion, fat type, rats
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 70, 2000, Heft 4, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern