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| Anne Linda van Kappel, Carmen Martínez-García,
Solve Elmståhl, Jean-Paul Steghens, Véronique Chajès, Franca Bianchini, Rudolf Kaaks and Elio Riboli Plasma Carotenoids in Relation to Food Consumption in Granada (Southern Spain) and Malmö (Southern Sweden) |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
| Yoshiji Ohta, Takafumi Niwa and Takashi Yamasaki Effect of Prolonged Marginal Ascorbic Acid Deficiency on Lenticular Levels of Antioxidants and Lipid Peroxide in Guinea Pigs |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
| Brahim Lachili, Henri Faure, Josiane Arnaud,
Marie-Jeanne Richard, Cherifa Benlatreche, Alain Favier and Anne-Marie
Roussel Blood Micronutrients in Algeria, Relationships with Sex and Age |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
| Susan J. Fairweather-Tait, Gary
M. Wortley, Birgit Teucher, Jack Dainty Iron Absorption from a Breakfast Cereal: Effects of EDTA Compounds and Ascorbic Acid |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
| Fereidoun Azizi, Sima Allahverdian, Parvin
Mirmiran, Maziar Rahmani, Fatemeh Mohammadi Dietary Factors and Body Mass Index in a Group of Iranian Adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study-2 |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
| Marta González, Belén Caride,
Asunción Lamas and Cristina Taboada Dietary Effects of Marine Food Intake on Intestinal and Hepatic Enzyme Activities in Rats |
Zusammenfassung Summary |
Zusammenfassungen / Summaries
Summary
We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study on healthy pre-menopausal
women (aged 4550 years) living in Granada, in the south of
Spain (n = 39) and Malmö, in the south of Sweden (n = 38)
in order to compare their plasma carotenoid levels and to investigate
the relationship between the differences in food consumption.
Plasma concentrations of six carotenoids were measured using high
performance liquid chromatography, habitual diet (at individual
level) was estimated by food frequency questionnaires and 24-hour
diet recalls were used for standardised measurement of diet at
group-level.
We found that women in Granada consumed more fruit and vegetables
than women in Malmö. Plasma concentrations of beta-cryptoxanthin,
lycopene, zeaxanthin, total carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol were
higher in Granada than in Malmö, although plasma concentrations
of alpha-carotene and retinol were higher in Malmö. Both
within and between study centres, consumption of fruit and vegetables
correlated positively with plasma concentrations of different
carotenoids.
The study showed that differences in consumption of fruit and
vegetables between the two European centres were reflected in
plasma carotenoid concentrations.
Key words
Carotenoids, plasma, diet, Spain, Sweden
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 71, 2001, Heft 2, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern
Summary
We examined the effect of prolonged marginal ascorbic acid deficiency of the levels of antioxidants and lipid peroxide in lenses of guinea pigs in order to clarify lenticular antioxidant status under ascorbic acid deficiency. Male guinea pigs aged 4 weeks were given a scorbutic diet (20 g/animal per day) with either marginally deficient ascorbic acid (0.5 mg/animal per day) or sufficient ascorbic acid (1 g/animal per day) in drinking water for 3 and 6 months. The deficient group showed no lens opacity during the administration period. The deficient group had 62.3 and 53.9% of lenticular ascorbic acid content in the sufficient group at 3 and 6 months of ascorbic acid deficiency, respectively. There were no differences in lenticular contents of reduced glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an index of lipid peroxidation, between both groups at 3 and 6 months of ascorbic acid deficiency, while the deficient group tended to have higher lenticular vitamin E content than the sufficient group. The deficient group had higher serum vitamin E concentration than the sufficient group at 3 and 6 months of ascorbic acid deficiency. These results indicate that lenticular antioxidant status is maintained well in guinea pigs with prolonged marginal ascorbic acid deficiency, which may result in no cataract formation.
Key words
Ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, vitamin E, lipid peroxide, antioxidant status, marginal ascorbic acid deficiency (guinea pig), lens
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 71, 2001, Heft 2, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern
Summary
Despite trace elements and vitamins are major public health
problems in some African countries, there are few studies reporting
micronutrient status in North Africa. Therefore, it could be interesting
to evaluate plasma concentrations of vitamin A, E and b-carotene,
along with zinc, copper, selenium erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase
and superoxide dismutase in Algeria.
Volunteers were randomly recruited in Constantine, Batna and Mila.
Vitamins, trace elements and enzymes were measured in the University
Hospital of Grenoble.
455 persons were included in the study. Subjects were divided
in 3 groups: group I: 15 girls and 12 boys who were 6 to 12.9
years old, group II: 190 women and 192 men 13 to 49.9 years old,
group III: 24 women and 24 men 50 to 65 years old.
Plasma concentrations of micronutrients and enzymes are close
to those commonly observed in Europe, except for vitamin A concentrations.
Indeed, retinol levels are 3035% lower than those reported
in European countries, moreover almost 8% of the population showed
retinol concentrations less than 1.05 mmol/l. b-Carotene levels
were also lower than in the French average population. Ten per
cent of the population had plasma zinc levels lower than 10.6
mmol/l.
Vitamin E, copper and selenium status seems satisfactory in Algeria.
Vitamin A is not a public health problem, however a significant
percentage of residents exhibits impaired vitamin A levels and
may benefit from retinol supplementation. Larger studies are needed,
and particularly in children, to detect possible higher prevalence
of vitamin A deficiency in poor socio-economical classes and in
inner geographic areas.
Key words
Vitamin A, vitamin E, carotene, zinc, copper, selenium, Algeria, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 71, 2001, Heft 2, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern
Summary
Sodium iron ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (NaFeEDTA) has been recommended for food fortification programmes to improve iron status but its performance in commercial products has not been evaluated. The effect of EDTA on iron absorption from fortified cornflakes, given as part of a typical Western breakfast, was determined in a double-blind randomised study with 20 non-anaemic female volunteers, using experimentally prepared iron compounds, enriched with 58Fe, and faecal monitoring. Five meals were compared: hydrogen reduced iron, hydrogen reduced iron plus Na2EDTA (molar ratio EDTA:Fe 1:2), hydrogen reduced iron plus NaFe(III)EDTA at two different molar ratios (EDTA:total Fe 1:3 and 1:2), and hydrogen reduced iron plus 15 mg ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid:Fe 1.3:1). The iron and EDTA compounds were accurately weighed into gelatine capsules and taken with unfortified cornflakes, semi-skimmed milk and tea on two consecutive days; the iron dose per meal was 3.75 mg. Iron absorption from all five test meals was measured in each volunteer with a minimum wash-out period of 2 weeks between tests. Geometric mean iron absorption (%) from the 5 tests was 14.1, 17.6, 20.6, 24.4 and 17.5 respectively (equivalent to 0.50.9 mg absorbed iron). There was a significantly higher iron absorption from the mixture of reduced iron and NaFe(III)EDTA (EDTA:Fe 1:2) than from reduced iron alone (p = 0.014). It is not known whether the higher absorption was from reduced iron or NaFeEDTA or both. Absorption was not increased significantly with NaFe(III)EDTA (EDTA:Fe 1:3), Na2EDTA (EDTA:Fe 1:2) or ascorbic acid (15 mg).
Key words
Iron absorption, bioavailability, EDTA, stable isotopes, breakfast cereals
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 71, 2001, Heft 2, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern
Summary
Objective: To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity
in an adolescent population in Tehran and to determine possible
association with energy and nutrient intake and distribution of
energy over the day.
Method: A cross-sectional study on 177 boys and 244 girls between
1019 years old was performed. Overweight and obesity were
defined by using recommended body mass index (BMI) cut-off values
for adolescents. Total energy intake, percent of energy derived
from protein, carbohydrate and fat and percent of energy supplied
by each meal and snack were assessed by means of two 24-hour dietary
recalls.
Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.7 and 5.1
in boys and 18.4 and 2.8 in girls, respectively. The composition
of diet was not different between overweight/obese and normal
weight subjects. BMI was related with breakfast energy percentage
in girls (r = 0.18, p < 0.01), with total energy intake
in boys (r = 0.23, p < 0.01), and with lunch energy percentage
in both sexes. In boys (r = 0.16, p < 0.05) and in girls (r=
0.22, p < 0.01).
Conclusion: High prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents
was seen. In boys some relationship between total energy intake,
distribution of energy over the day and BMI was seen. In girls
BMI was only related with distribution of energy over the day.
Key words
Obesity, adolescents, dietary survey, energy intake, breakfast
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 71, 2001, Heft 2, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern
Summary
Dietary effects of two diets high in protein from two marine
species (Haliotis tuberculata and Anemonia viridis) as compared
to a high-quality patron protein such as casein (or casein supplemented
with olive oil) on intestinal and hepatic enzymes were studied.
After 23 days, the two marine species as diet compared to casein
increased the disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase activities.
Feeding Haliotis tuberculata meal produced a decrease on intestinal
leucine aminopeptidase activity. The hepatic gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase
activity decreased slightly in animals fed Haliotis tuberculata
meal. Supplementation of casein with olive oil tended to decrease
the intestinal and hepatic enzyme activity.
Key words
Protein, amino acid, casein, Anemonia viridis, Haliotis tuberculata, disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research,
Band 71, 2001, Heft 2, © Verlag Hans Huber AG, Bern